FIRST YEAR PHYSIOLOGY: CVS PART 3 (CIRCULATION)

                         Circulation 

There are 11 chapters under this heading from chapter 14 to 24 according to guyton.

Study scheme:

This topic is very extensive and have very low weightage in proff.
* Do Important topics only
* Give read to guyton for mcqs
* Highlight important points
* Must do past papers
* Make flow charts of B.P regulation topic

Important Questions

Chapter # 14

*cross sectional area and velocities of blood blow
*Types of blood flow
*parabolic velocity profile
*Reynolds no.
*poiseuille's law
*Effect of pressure on vascular blood flow and resistance

Chapter # 15

*Vascular distensibility
*Vascular compliance
*Stress relaxation of vessels
*Pulse pressure
*korotkoff sounds
*central venous pressure
*Effect of gravitational pressure
* varicose veins with reasons
* veins as muscle pump

Chapter # 16

*vasomotion
*Interstitial fluid and interstitium
*Fluid filtration across capillary
*starling forces and Equilibrium
*Formation of lymph
* on which factors lymph flow depends

Chapter # 17

*Acute control of blood flow
*Active hyperemia
*Autoregulation of blood flow
*Nitric oxide as vasodilator
*Endothelin as vasoconstrictor
*How retrolentral fibroplasia occurs

* Vasoconstrictor agents
* vadodilator agents

Chapter # 18

*vadovagal syncope
*Baroreceptor reflex
*Bainbridge reflex
*chemoreceptor reflex
* CNS ischemic response
*Cushing reaction

Chapter # 19

*renal urinary output curve
*how increased fluid volume raises arterial pressure
*Renin angiotensin system
*Goldblatt hypertension
*Toxemia of pregnancy

Chapter # 20

*cardiac index
*Frank starling law of heart
*Cardiac output curve
*Factors causing hyper and hypoeffective heart
*Causes of high and low cardiac output

*Venous return curve
*Methods for measuring cardiac output
*regulation of cardiac output

Chapter # 21

*Effect of sympathetic stimulation on muscle blood flow during exercise
*Control of coronary blood flow
* ischemic heart disease
*Myocardial infarction
*Systolic stretch
*cardiac tamponade
*Angina pectoris

Chapter # 22

*Effects of moderate and chronic heart failure
*Cardiac output curve
*Unilateral heart failure
*Low cardiac output failure
*Acute pulmonary edema and heart failure
*Cardiac reserve

Chapters # 23

* Normal heart sounds and causes
*Phonocardiogram
*Rheumatic valvular leison
*Heart murmurs
*Patent ductus arteriosis
*Tetralogy of fallot

Chapter # 24

*stages of shock
*Types of shock
*How preggressive shock leads to vicious cycle
*Hypovolemic shock
*septic shock
* neurogenic shock
*Treatment in shock
*Circulatory arrest