FIVE CHAPTERS ( marks chap 33-37 of Guyton according to UHS )
Study scheme
This is one of the most important topics of 1st year physiology as it accounts for 9 MCQs and 2 SEQs which account for a total of 19 marks.
* it should be learnt thoroughly and the list of important questions should be taken under consideration for SEQs
* it involves the use of flowcharts while explaining pathophysiology.
Important Questions
Chapter 33:
*physiological types of Hb and functions of Hb.
* effect of anemia on circulatory system
* genesis of RBCs and its regulation
*effect on Erythropoietin on RBC formation
*pernicious anemia and its pathophysiology
* types of anemia , their causes and the changes in MCV, MCH and MCHC in the different types.
*types of jaundice
*steps for synthesis of Hb.
*iron metabolism in body
Chapter 34:
*Genesis and life span of different WBCs
*Role of macrophages and neutrophils against infections
* Reticuloendothelial system
*lines of defence
* action of eosinophils
* action of basophills
*pus
*walling off effect
*leukopenia
*bone marrow aplasia
*leukemia and its effects
Chapter 35:
*acquired immunity
* humoral and cell mediated immunity
*types of lymphocytes and their functions
*difference btw T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes.
* Def of Antibodies and structure of a typical IgG antibody
*mechanisms of action of antibodies
* Types of T cells and their functions
*allergy and hypersensitivity
Chapter 36:
*transfusion reactions
*erythroblastosis fetalis and its clinical picture along with treatment
*acute kidney failure due to transfusion reaction
*prevention of graft rejection
Chapter 37:
*mechanism of platelet plug
*fibrous organization or dissolution of blood clot
*mechanism of blood coagulation
*extrinsic pathway
*intrinsic pathway
*role of Calcium in both pathways of blood clotting
*intravascular anticoagulants
*anticoagulants for clinical use
*role of plasmin in causing lysis of clots
*effect of Vit K deficiency on blood clotting
*hemophiliia and its types
*thrombocytopenia
*blood coagulation tests
*definition of prothrombin time.
*Def of international normalized ratio, its formula and its range
Important topics for MCQs only:
*properties of RBCs
*rate of production of RBCs at different ages
*quantity of iron in body and its loss
*preprocessing of T lymphocytes and B- lymphocytes
*primary and secondary responses to antigens
* percentage of WBCs in body
*MHC proteins and activation of T lymphocytes
*Atopic allergies
*agents that suppress the immune system
* properties of platelets
*prothrombin and thrombin
*clotting factors of blood
*thromboembolitic conditions
*ranges of INR
Important figures and tables:
*fig 33.2
*fig 33.5
*fig 35.1
*fig 35.3
*fig 35.4
*fig 35.6
*table 37.1
*fig 37.3
*fig 37.4
*fig 37.5
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